function newWindow(a_str_windowURL, a_str_windowName, a_int_windowWidth, a_int_windowHeight, a_bool_scrollbars, a_bool_resizable, a_bool_menubar, a_bool_toolbar, a_bool_addressbar, a_bool_statusbar, a_bool_fullscreen) {
  var int_windowLeft = (screen.width - a_int_windowWidth) / 2;
  var int_windowTop = (screen.height - a_int_windowHeight) / 2;
  var str_windowProperties = 'height=' + a_int_windowHeight + ',width=' + a_int_windowWidth + ',top=' + int_windowTop + ',left=' + int_windowLeft + ',scrollbars=' + a_bool_scrollbars + ',resizable=' + a_bool_resizable + ',menubar=' + a_bool_menubar + ',toolbar=' + a_bool_toolbar + ',location=' + a_bool_addressbar + ',statusbar=' + a_bool_statusbar + ',fullscreen=' + a_bool_fullscreen + '';
  var obj_window = window.open(a_str_windowURL, a_str_windowName, str_windowProperties)
    if (parseInt(navigator.appVersion) >= 4) {
      obj_window.window.focus();
    }
  return obj_window;
}

function help(fieldname,body) {
	pagename = '?q=help,'+fieldname+','+body+'';
	newWindow (pagename, 'help', 500, 100, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}

function rhino_bookmark(){
  url = document.location;
  title = document.title;
  if ((navigator.appName == "Microsoft Internet Explorer") && (parseInt(navigator.appVersion) >= 4)) {
  window.external.AddFavorite(url,title);
  } else if (navigator.appName == "Netscape") {
    window.sidebar.addPanel(title,url,"");
  } else {
    alert("Press CTRL-D (Netscape) or CTRL-T (Opera) to bookmark");
  }
}

function rhino_print () {
	var _url = document.location + "";
	var pos = _url.indexOf("?");
	if (pos >= 0) {
			url = document.location + '&print=1';		
	}
	else {
			url = document.location + '?print=1';
	}
	newWindow(url, 'Print', '800', '600', 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0);
}

function rhino_tell () {
	var tellurl = 'modules/friend/';
	newWindow(tellurl, 'Print', '400', '300', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}

function EnableDisable(id) {
     body=document.getElementById(id);
     if (body) {
       if (body.style.display == 'none') {
         try {
           body.style.display='table-row';
         } catch(e) {
           body.style.display = 'block';
         }
       }
       else {
         body.style.display = 'none';
       }
     }
}

function SetText (id, text) {
	body=document.getElementById(id);
	if (body) {
		body.innerHTML  = text;
	}
}



function Disable(id) {
	body=document.getElementById(id);
     if (body) {
     	body.style.display = 'none';
     }
}

function Enable(id) {
     body=document.getElementById(id);
     if (body) {
         try {
           body.style.display='table-row';
         } catch(e) {
           body.style.display = 'block';
         }
     }
}
function SetCustomText (id, what, link) {
	var desc = new Array()
	desc["login"]='<form id="postForm" method="post" action="index.php?q=memberlogin" name="postForm"><input type="hidden" name="_Submit" value="1" /><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" height="120" style="padding-left: 10px"><tbody><tr><td height="10" colspan="2"><img width="1" height="5" alt="" src="http://www.africanmediainitiative.org/upload/setup_files/MAGIC.png" /></td></tr><tr><td height="22" width="167" colspan="2">Email:<br /><input id="email" class="text" size="15" name="email" type="text" /></td></tr><tr><td height="22" colspan="2">Password:<br /><input id="pass" class="text" size="15" type="password" name="pass" /></td></tr><tr><td height="38" colspan="2"><span class="style3"><a href="?q=memberforgotpassword">Forgot your password?<br /></a><a href="?q=memberforgotpassword"><input alt="" align="right" src="http://www.africanmediainitiative.org/upload/setup_files/submit.jpg" width="52" height="23" type="image" name="image" /> </a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></form>';
	desc["register"]='<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"><tr><td><STRONG>Not yet a member?</STRONG><BR><a href="?q=memberregister"> <img src="upload/setup_files/register_here_ami.jpg" /></a></td></tr></table>';
	desc["blog"]='<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"><tr><td>Coming soon</td></tr></table>';

	function newWindow(a_str_windowURL, a_str_windowName, a_int_windowWidth, a_int_windowHeight, a_bool_scrollbars, a_bool_resizable, a_bool_menubar, a_bool_toolbar, a_bool_addressbar, a_bool_statusbar, a_bool_fullscreen) {
  var int_windowLeft = (screen.width - a_int_windowWidth) / 2;
  var int_windowTop = (screen.height - a_int_windowHeight) / 2;
  var str_windowProperties = 'height=' + a_int_windowHeight + ',width=' + a_int_windowWidth + ',top=' + int_windowTop + ',left=' + int_windowLeft + ',scrollbars=' + a_bool_scrollbars + ',resizable=' + a_bool_resizable + ',menubar=' + a_bool_menubar + ',toolbar=' + a_bool_toolbar + ',location=' + a_bool_addressbar + ',statusbar=' + a_bool_statusbar + ',fullscreen=' + a_bool_fullscreen + '';
  var obj_window = window.open(a_str_windowURL, a_str_windowName, str_windowProperties)
    if (parseInt(navigator.appVersion) >= 4) {
      obj_window.window.focus();
    }
  return obj_window;
}

function help(pagename) {
	newWindow (pagename, 'help', 500, 300, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}

function EnableDisable(id) {
     body=document.getElementById(id);
     if (body) {
       if (body.style.display == 'none') {
         try {
           body.style.display='table-row';
         } catch(e) {
           body.style.display = 'block';
         }
       }
       else {
         body.style.display = 'none';
       }
     }
}

function SetText (id, text) {
	body=document.getElementById(id);
	if (body) {
		body.innerHTML  = text;
	}
}



function Disable(id) {
	body=document.getElementById(id);
     if (body) {
     	body.style.display = 'none';
     }
}

function Enable(id) {
     body=document.getElementById(id);
     if (body) {
         try {
           body.style.display='table-row';
         } catch(e) {
           body.style.display = 'block';
         }
     }
}

function formCheck(formobj){
	// name of mandatory fields
	fieldRequired = formobj.RequiredString.value.split (",");
	fieldDescription = formobj.RequiredStringDescription.value.split (",");
	
	// dialog message
	var alertMsg = "Please complete the following fields:\n";
	
	var l_Msg = alertMsg.length;
	
	for (var i = 0; i < fieldRequired.length; i++){
		var obj = formobj.elements[fieldRequired[i]];
		if (obj){
			switch(obj.type){
			case "select-one":
				if (obj.selectedIndex == -1 || obj.options[obj.selectedIndex].text == "" || obj.options[obj.selectedIndex].text == "----" || obj.value== "----" || obj.value == ""){
					alertMsg += " - " + fieldDescription[i] + "\n";
				}
				break;
			case "select-multiple":
				if (obj.selectedIndex == -1){
					alertMsg += " - " + fieldDescription[i] + "\n";
				}
				break;
			case "file":
			case "text":
			case "textarea":
				if (obj.value == "" || obj.value == null){
					alertMsg += " - " + fieldDescription[i] + "\n";
				}
				else {
					if (obj.id == 1) {
						// -- Then this is an e-mail field.
						// -- Check the e-mail
						var Check = 0;
						Check = obj.value;;
					 	if ((Check.indexOf ('@',0) == -1) || (Check.indexOf ('.',0) == -1)) {
							 alertMsg += " - " + fieldDescription[i] + " is invalid." + "\n";
					    }
					}
				}
				break;
			case "password":
				if (obj.value == "" || obj.value == null){
					alertMsg += " - " + fieldDescription[i] + "\n";
				}
				break;
				
			default:
			}
			
			if (obj.type == undefined){
				// then it must be a checkbox or radio
				var blnchecked = false;
				for (var j = 0; j < obj.length; j++){
					//var obj = formobj.elements[Options[k]];
					if (obj[j].checked){
						blnchecked = true;
					}
				}
				if (!blnchecked){
					alertMsg += " - " + fieldDescription[i] + "\n";
				}
			}
		}
	}
	
	
	if (alertMsg.length == l_Msg){
		//return true;
	}else{
		alert(alertMsg);
		return false;
	}
}

function storeCaret (textEl) {
	if (textEl.createTextRange)
	 textEl.caretPos = document.selection.createRange().duplicate();
	}
	function insertAtCaret (textEl, text) {
	if (textEl.createTextRange && textEl.caretPos) {
	 var caretPos = textEl.caretPos;
	 caretPos.text =
		caretPos.text.charAt(caretPos.text.length - 1) == ' ' ?
		text + ' ' : text;
	}
	else
	 textEl.value = text;
	}

 function onKeyDown(textE2)
 {
	 var e = window.event;
	 if (e.keyCode == 9) // tab
	 {
		insertAtCaret(textE2, "\t")
		 return false;
	 }
	 return true;
 }
 function validateEmail(form_id,email) {
	var address = document.forms[form_id].elements[email].value;
   if(address){
	   	var reg = /^([A-Za-z0-9_\-\.])+\@([A-Za-z0-9_\-\.])+\.([A-Za-z]{2,4})$/;
	   
	   if(reg.test(address) == false) {
	      alert('Error: Invalid Email Address');
		  document.forms[form_id].elements[email].value = "";
	      return false;
	   }
   }
   
}

function passwordConfirm(form_id, password_field, confirmPassworod_field){
	var password = document.forms[form_id].elements[password_field].value;
	var confirmPassword = document.forms[form_id].elements[confirmPassworod_field].value;
	if(password != confirmPassword){
		alert('Error: Your passwords don\'t match.');
		  document.forms[form_id].elements[confirmPassworod_field].value = "";
	      return false;
	}
}

function validateStuffNumber(form_id, stuffNumber_field){
	var stuffnNumber = document.forms[form_id].elements[stuffNumber_field].value;
	
	if(!IsNumeric(stuffnNumber)){
		alert('Error: Your staff number must be numeric.');
		document.forms[form_id].elements[stuffNumber_field].value = "";
	    return false;
	}else
	if(stuffnNumber.length > 5){
		alert('Error: Your staff number must be 5 characters or less.');
		  document.forms[form_id].elements[stuffNumber_field].value = "";
	      return false;
	}
}

function IsNumeric(sText){
   var ValidChars = "0123456789.";
   var IsNumber=true;
   var Char;

   for (i = 0; i < sText.length && IsNumber == true; i++) 
      { 
      Char = sText.charAt(i); 
      if (ValidChars.indexOf(Char) == -1) 
         {
        	 IsNumber = false;
         }
      }
   return IsNumber;   
}
function getXMLHTTP() 
	{ //fuction to return the xml http object
		var xmlhttp=false;
			
		try{xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();}
		catch(e)	
		{		
			try{xmlhttp= new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");}
			catch(e)
			{
				try{req = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");}
				catch(e1){xmlhttp=false;}
			}
		}
		 	
		return xmlhttp;
	}
	 
function getInnerHtml(strURL, divid){ 
	document.getElementById(divid).innerHTML="<img src=\"upload/setup_files/loader.gif\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" align=\"absmiddle\">&nbsp;Loading...";
	var req = getXMLHTTP(); // fuction to get xmlhttp object
	  if (req)
	 {
	 req.onreadystatechange = function()
	 
		 {	
			  if (req.readyState == 4) 
			  { //data is retrieved from server
				   if (req.status == 200) 
				   { // which reprents ok status                    
				     document.getElementById(divid).innerHTML=req.responseText;
				   }
				   else
				   { 
				   		alert(req.status);
				      //alert("There was a problem while using XMLHTTP:\n");
				   }
			  }            
		  }        
		req.open("GET", strURL, true); //open url using get method
		req.send(null);
	 }	
}

desc['1_5'] = '\
				<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="710">\
                            <tbody>\
                                <tr>\
                                    <td height="32" background="http://www.africanmediainitiative.org/upload/setup_files/Ami_content_big.png">\
                                    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">\
                                        <tbody>\
                                            <tr>\
                                                <td>&nbsp;</td>\
                                                <td><font color="#ffffff" size="2"><strong>1-5 Improving the enabling economic environment</strong> </font></td>\
                                            </tr>\
                                        </tbody>\
                                    </table>\
                                    </td>\
                                </tr>\
                                <tr>\
                                    <td>\
                                    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" width="100%" style="background-image: url(http://www.africanmediainitiative.org/upload/setup_files/Ami_content_bigx.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: right top">\
                                        <tbody>\
                                            <tr>\
                                                <td>\
													<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">\
												    <tbody>\
												        <tr>\
												            <td>\
												            <div>\
												              <p>The first  programme area will improve the enabling environment, especially the conditions  for doing business:</p>\
												              <p>If Africa&rsquo;s  private media are to thrive and serve the public interest, it will require a  propitious enabling environment for economic success as well as for free  expression and journalistic independence. The African Media Initiative can help  achieve both goals by mobilizing its private media constituency to identify and  correct impediments to business success while backing broad coalitions for  press freedom reforms.</p>\
												              <p>The  continuing fight for press freedom in Africa has suffered setbacks as well as  advances, but the overall trend of recent decades has been towards greater  media independence, pluralism, and impact on democratic governance. Abuses  continue, but they are usually well-documented and widely condemned, resulting  in a body of knowledge on press freedom cases and issues on a  country-by-country basis. These advances are largely the achievement of a  principled, mature and well-organised freedom of expression community in  Africa, rooted in a network of monitoring groups within the media community and  civil society, with structured links to international research and advocacy  organizations.</p>\
												              <p>There is  nothing equivalent to this press freedom network or its hard- acquired  knowledge on the business side of the enabling environment for free and  independent media.<br>\
												                This is a vacuum  that AMI was conceived to help fill. Business regulations, tax policies,  licensing, access costs, oversight bodies and government enforcement practices  can have a determinant impact on media companies&rsquo; ability to operate  profitably, ethically and independently. To date, though, there has been little  systematic effort to identify optimal regulatory frameworks, to pinpoint and  remove economic obstacles, or to create new financial instruments or tax  provisions that could bolster the development of independent media as  successful businesses as well as a public good.<br>\
												                Media  enterprises have rarely benefited from publicly financed support for private  sector development in Africa, whether broad sectoral aid programs or targeted  loan guarantees and other mechanisms at individual businesses. Yet a thriving,  pluralistic media sector is itself essential to private sector growth,  especially in such information-driven areas as capital markets development and  trade-dependent industries like agriculture and mining. A strong  advertising-based media industry is also critical to the functioning of  efficient, competitive consumer markets.<br>\
												                Moreover, an independent press that acts  professionally, ethically and effectively as a watchdog against corruption is a  recognized asset to emerging economies seeking to attract foreign direct  investment and international financial support.</p>\
												              <p><strong>Activity 1: </strong><br>\
											                  Create a comparative continental  database of business laws and regulations affecting the economic viability of  independent media. Research and advocacy on the free- expression component of  the enabling environment for media in Africa is well advanced but on the  business side of the enabling environment for media this is not the case. There  is no comprehensive resource with basic country-level information on  regulatory, tax and related legal provisions for private media businesses in  Africa. A comparative database of this kind would be a reference point for  potential investors and lending agencies for the industry on a continental  basis, while also serving as a factually grounded advocacy tool. The AMI  database would document patterns and contrasts among existing media regulations  in Africa, an essential first step towards identifying and recommending a reasonable  set of business rules for the industry.</p>\
												              <p><strong>Activity 2: </strong><br>\
											                  Identify and champion an optimal  regulatory framework for private media. Relevant normative guidelines for the  appropriate business regulation of independent media can be found in the UNESCO-IPDC  Media Indicators Framework, adopted by UNESCO in 2008. AMI will lead effective,  factually-grounded advocacy campaigns in which private media companies can  press for needed reforms and influence governments and regional policy bodies.  Through AMI, media owners can engage more directly and strategically with  Africa&rsquo;s freedom of expression community and identify national and regional  advocacy priorities. AMI leadership can present private media concerns to such  regional programmes s the African Peer Review Mechanism, which has identified a  need to strengthen the capacity of African journalism to serve as a watchdog  against corruption.</p>\
												              <strong>Activity 3: </strong><br>\
												              Strategically Deploy Media Owners and Operators  in Partnerships with Press Freedom Community. Press freedom activities are well  organised but there is scope for a specific programme to link the press freedom  &ldquo;community&rdquo; to leading owners and operators. This would be done in order to  identify strategic opportunities in which AMI members and brand value could add  weight to specific press freedom advocacy and activities</div>\
												            </td>\
												        </tr>\
												    </tbody>\
												</table>\
											</td>\
                                            </tr>\
                                        </tbody>\
                                    </table>\
                                    </td>\
                                </tr>\
                            </tbody>\
                        </table>\
				';
	
	desc["2_5"]='\
				<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="710">\
                            <tbody>\
                                <tr>\
                                    <td height="32" background="http://www.africanmediainitiative.org/upload/setup_files/Ami_content_big.png">\
                                    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">\
                                        <tbody>\
                                            <tr>\
                                                <td>&nbsp;</td>\
                                                <td><font color="#ffffff" size="2"><strong>2-5 Strengthening Media Markets</strong> </font></td>\
                                            </tr>\
                                        </tbody>\
                                    </table>\
                                    </td>\
                                </tr>\
                                <tr>\
                                    <td>\
                                    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" width="100%" style="background-image: url(http://www.africanmediainitiative.org/upload/setup_files/Ami_content_bigx.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: right top">\
                                        <tbody>\
                                            <tr>\
                                                <td>\
													<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">\
													    <tbody>\
													        <tr>\
												              <td>\
													            <div>\
													              <p>The second  programme area will strengthen media market around capital flows and revenue:</p>\
													              <p>The  development of private media in Africa is hampered by the same barriers  constraining the private sector in much of Africa generally: poor  infrastructure, weak banking systems, limited international investment,  undeveloped domestic markets, and companies that are simply too small and  isolated to attract the capital they need to expand, among myriad other  factors.<br>\
													                There are  also factors specific to the media industry itself. Lenders avoid the sector  due to perceptions of political risk, especially in countries where independent  media are subject to official harassment. Local bankers are often loath to lend  to enterprises considered editorially critical of government authorities, even  when such criticism is well within the bounds of independent journalism.  Regulatory regimes peculiar to media &ndash; such as broadcast licensing &ndash; can  introduce other elements of financial uncertainty. Moreover, imports of  essential supplies like newsprint or radio transmitters may be excessively  taxed. Other endemic problems include: a chronic shortage of equity capital;  the absence of reliable media market data, which in turn limits  reliance on advertising revenue; failure within the industry to collaborate on  production, transport and telecommunications services and other possible shared economies of scale; and an often unsupportive  regulatory environment for commercial media. Accessing capital and  strengthening advertising markets are at the top of the industry priority list,  yet little has been done to analyse these issues or share possible solutions.<br>\
													                Especially  acute, both for financial sustainability and editorial autonomy, is the need to  foster a robust, empirically grounded media advertising culture. While not the  only strategy for sustainability, advertising income grounded in reliable  market research and media monitoring is essential to the economic survival and  institutional independence of private media. Within most African markets, there  is little verifiable data about media audience penetration, making  advertising-based business models difficult for media entrepreneurs and  depriving the local retail industry of needed tools for growth and efficiency.  The absence of an empirical basis for advertising rates can also provide a  convenient cover for corruption, especially when the state itself is a major  advertiser as politically friendly news outlets can be rewarded with inflated  rates for commercial advertising space while more critical media receive lower  payments or none at all. The ultimate victim of this information dearth is the  average citizen, who would otherwise have more independent news media and a  more transparent, competitive consumer market.<br>\
													                Access to  capital is also consistently identified as a significant barrier to the  creation of high-quality, sustainable media businesses. But the many factors  limiting media access to direct capital investment and commercial loans must be  rigorously analysed and addressed. Specific areas for exploration include: a)  systemic constraints on private funding; b) media use of financial mechanisms  available to other areas of private sector; and c) the creation of new or  modified regional mechanisms to support the private media sector as a public  good.</p>\
													              <p><strong>Activity 4: </strong><br>\
												                  Create audience measurement and  media monitoring capacity in approximately five select initial markets in order  to increase income revenue flows (advertising) by strengthening research  capacity on advertising verification, content and editorial  monitoring/analysis, audience measurement and media research. AMI will build on  successful national models such as the South Africa Advertising Research  Foundation (SAARF) and pan-African research organisations such as PAMRO,  looking to create partnerships and catalyse the creation of self-financing,  transparent audience measurement systems. This is a precondition for sustained  growth in advertising revenues.</p>\
													              <strong>Activity 5: </strong><br>\
												                Identify media financing and investment  opportunities in existing private sector development instruments and to create  new market-oriented mechanisms for private media development. AMI will convene  AfDB and the IFC to explore media eligibility for loan guarantees and other  private sector aid mechanisms, such as those provided through the Multilateral  Investment Guarantee Agency, the African Development Fund, and the Africa  Project Development Facility. It will set up an Advisory Group of leading  private equity, philanthropic and institutional investors. Potential  participants include experts from: ACTIS, Aureos Capital, Blackthorn Capital,  Blakeney Management, Development Partners Inc., Mo Ibrahim&rsquo;s Africa Enterprise  Fund, Virgin Unite, Vivendi, WPP and various regional SME and capital market  development funds. The Southern Africa Media Development Fund (SAMDEF), as well  as the West Africa Media Development Fund (WAMDEF) will be closely associated  with this activity.</div>\
													            </td>\
													        </tr>\
													    </tbody>\
													</table>\
												</td>\
                                            </tr>\
                                        </tbody>\
                                    </table>\
                                    </td>\
                                </tr>\
                            </tbody>\
                        </table>\
				';


	desc["3_5"]='\
				<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="710">\
                            <tbody>\
                                <tr>\
                                    <td height="32" background="http://www.africanmediainitiative.org/upload/setup_files/Ami_content_big.png">\
                                    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">\
                                        <tbody>\
                                            <tr>\
                                                <td>&nbsp;</td>\
                                                <td><font color="#ffffff" size="2"><strong>3-5 Leadership, Management and Professional Capacity</strong> </font></td>\
                                            </tr>\
                                        </tbody>\
                                    </table>\
                                    </td>\
                                </tr>\
                                <tr>\
                                    <td>\
                                    <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" width="100%" style="background-image: url(http://www.africanmediainitiative.org/upload/setup_files/Ami_content_bigx.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: right top">\
                                        <tbody>\
                                            <tr>\
                                                <td>\
													<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">\
													    <tbody>\
													        <tr>\
												              <td>\
													            <div>\
													              <p>The third  programme area will improve leadership, management and professional capacity:</p>\
													              <p>Leadership is  critical to enable the media to equip itself with the right values, vision and  skills.<br>\
													                For media  organizations in Africa seeking to improve the journalistic skills of their  staff, there are numerous potential routes and partners, from media- NGO  training programs to overseas fellowships to specialized aid for thematically  specific beat reporting to the internationally funded &lsquo;embedding&rsquo; of  experienced editors and other newsroom professionals.<br>\
													                For media  organizations seeking to improve the professional skills of their senior  managers, or in need of expert counsel on financial planning or marketing  strategies or digital technology adaptation, there are no such support and  training mechanisms. Filling this void would be an AMI priority.</p>\
													              <p>Management  and commercial skills have been highlighted in all sector research initiatives  as critical factors in the long-term sustainability of the private media sector  in Africa. Without sound business plans and solid grounding in the commercial  marketplace, media ventures cannot win the confidence of lenders or investors;  nor can they pay the competitive salaries required to ensure journalistic  professionalism and protection from corruption.</p>\
													              <p>Management  skills can be found on a high level throughout the African media industry &ndash; and  in the large Diaspora community of media and business professionals &ndash; but these  resources are not readily accessible to the smaller media enterprises that  require such expertise. Through AMI&rsquo;s partnership network, it will be possible  to identify the most pressing management needs of public-spirited private media  companies in Africa &ndash; companies that are committed to editorial as well as  economic independence, but which need assistance to achieve those goals.<br>\
													                Input from  private media houses in AMI&rsquo;s African Media Leaders Forum has indicated needs  for focused financial consultancies and expert assistance with technology  investments and adaptation, including partnerships with telecommunications  companies for mobile-phone news services and assistance with the coming digital  transformation of the broadcasting industry. The challenge will be to meet  these demands with existing resources, using AMI&rsquo;s industry networks and  partnerships with professional associations in the print, broadcast and new  media industries. Business advisory services backed by international financial  institutions should also be mobilized to help the media sector respond to these  technical challenges in a cost-effective manner.</p>\
													              <p><strong>Activity 6: </strong><br>\
													                The African Media Leaders Forum  (AMLF) is a key asset of AMI and its success to date is the most compelling  validation of AMI&rsquo;s vision of private media that has development in its heart  and business in its mind. The Forum is an opportunity for both agenda setting  and stocktaking of AMI&rsquo;s work streams. It provides a mutual support network for  private African media; a sounding board for shared industry concerns and priorities;  a mechanism for partnerships between private media enterprises and development  organisations; and a needed pan-African media interlocutor for the AU, AfDB and  ECA. AMI will also set up an annual Achievement Prize to promote AMI vales  amongst its members.</p>\
													              <p><strong>Activity 7:</strong> Leadership Programmes for Next Generation  African Media Leaders under which African media owners and executives could  examine questions of media ethics, economics, technical challenges and social  responsibilities. Among the partners for such programmes would be international  independent media organizations, media entrepreneurs and executives in private  sector leadership groups.</p>\
													              <strong>Activity 8: </strong><br>\
												                  Create Effective Partnerships  for Capacity-Building in Management and Business in conjunction with African  and international media companies, professional associations, foundations and  financial institutions. This process would begin with an interactive survey of AMI partners  pinpointing their precise needs for management aid, and proceed to the identification  of potential resources and partnerships that would help meet those identified requirements, and creation of a bank to  assist with day to day management <br>\
                                                                  <strong>&nbsp;</strong><br>\
                                                                  <strong>Activity 9: </strong><br>\
                                                                Targeting Gaps in Curricula for Management,  Commercial Skills and Public Interest learning. Update, improve and expand  curricula focused on media management and commercial skills, as well as the  public interest aspects of the media sector. AMI will facilitate this in  conjunction with African journalism and business schools and emerging centres  of excellence who deliver these programmes. AMI will conduct a quick and  focused inventory/needs assessment of management and commercial skill curricula  and explore partnerships and initiatives that help fill gaps and take into  account the radically changing media landscape, especially around technology  utilisation.</div>\
													            </td>\
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				';

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                                                <td>&nbsp;</td>\
                                                <td><font color="#ffffff" size="2"><strong>4-5 Embracing new technology</strong> </font></td>\
                                            </tr>\
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                                    <td>\
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													              <p>The fourth  programme area will address how the industry manages and uses new technologies  :</p>\
													              <p>The greatest  challenge currently facing the media industry everywhere in the world is  adaptation to fast-evolving technology, with interactive Internet platforms and  cheap or free mobile-phone access to multiple news services upending  established media business models, as well as consumer habits.</p>\
													              <p>Yet new media  also opens up enormous opportunities for innovative media companies and  public-service journalism. Nowhere is this truer than Africa, where radio and  mobile phones are the dominant information platforms. The poor majority is not  served by newspapers or television &ndash; and perhaps never will be, at least in  traditional formats, as the digital revolution gives rural Africa alternative  access to the wider information world.</p>\
													              <p>With the  migration from analogue to digital, most analogue radio stations would get  between 6 to 8 signals enabling them to broadcast in local languages and even  create thematic channels centred on development issues. Given the dominance of  radio as a medium in Africa, the move to digital radio may well represent a  turning point in citizen engagement and participation.</p>\
													              <p><strong>Activity 10:</strong> <br>\
													                Sponsor/Facilitate  Inter-industry Dialogue with telecoms operators. Sponsor a structured,  inter-industry dialogue programme with technology operators (e.g. mobile phone  operator and large ISP) to engage them as part of the pan-African media  community. Topics would include: media codes of conduct; commercial  partnerships for national, local, hyper- local news services; transmission  tower partnerships with commercial and community radio stations; the corporate  social responsibilities of facilitating social networking through mobile phones  in fragile or politically/ethnically polarised states; and news service  linkages.</p>\
													              <p><strong>Activity 11: </strong><br>\
													                Develop Tailored Technology  Adaptation Resources. Helping media businesses navigate the digital revolution  and leapfrog/ innovate new business models to deliver content across platforms  through partnerships in the media industry in Africa and in the international  telecommunications business, AMI will help develop tailored technology  adaptation programs in areas including: the utilisation of mobile-accessible  web platforms for local news services; broadcasting conversion to digital  technology; the development, promotion and monetisation of internet news  services as adjuncts to print and radio news operations; the deployment of  interactive technologies (mobile phones, PCs, digital video) for the  recruitment of &lsquo;citizen journalists&rsquo; by traditional news media. Through AMI,  private media could participate more pro-actively in this policy and  infrastructure planning process. Media companies are strategically critical  end-users of telecommunications systems, as well as key providers of digital  content and interactive platforms for the public at large.</p>\
												                <strong>Activity 12:</strong> <br>\
												                Extend the newschallenge.org to Africa. Launch a  &ldquo;newschallengeAfrica&rdquo; project, modelled on the Knight Foundation approach, with  businesses that provide information in the public interest. In Africa, criteria  could be developed to help the &ldquo;challenge&rdquo; target innovations that would  deliver needed news and information to poor rural audiences. An AMI partnership  with Highway Africa in this digital-innovation area would ensure cutting-edge  technological innovation as well as private media participation, especially in  national markets that have been relatively less advanced in the adaptation of  digital tools.</div>\
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				';

	
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                                                <td>&nbsp;</td>\
                                                <td><font color="#ffffff" size="2"><strong>5-5 Peer support for Africa&rsquo;s media community</strong> </font></td>\
                                            </tr>\
                                        </tbody>\
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                                    <td>\
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													              <p>This final  programme area will address the information and content deficit about the  African media sector.</p>\
												                  <p>Lack of  quality information acts as a barrier to growth, investment, capacity building  and the development of effective partnerships. A well-directed, African-based  focal point to convene and problem solve some critical issues facing the media  and the continent will stimulate analysis and solutions.</p>\
												                  <p>The emergence  of the AMLF participants as a broadly based network from all media&mdash;print,  broadcast, and internet-based outlets &ndash; creates this new platform for strategic  work in relation to the industry itself and anticipating how to manage change  effectively. AMI will concentrate on leading edge strategies and occupying the  space for debate around innovation.<br>\
												                    AMI will also  create up an industry data base supplementing the planned AU/EU Media Portal by  creating country and regional databases with key market and socio-economic data  relating to specific media.</p>\
												                  <p><strong>Activity 13: </strong><br>\
												                    Sponsor an AMI Media Industry  News Service based on other global and regional examples, in conjunction with  an implementing partner with newsgathering and web-management resources. This  service would fill an information gap and would likely become a must-read  within the African news business and among others interested in African affairs  and media issues. It would be a vital source of insider news about industry  developments (new media start-ups, radio/TV licensing issues, mobile phone  partnerships, relevant fibre-optics and broadband investments, tracking  AMI-backed capital investment initiatives, etc.) and local press freedom issues  that would otherwise not get a pan-African media audience.</p>\
												                  <p><strong>Activity 14: </strong><br>\
												                    Undertake &ldquo;Next Frontier&rdquo;  Research Projects/Seminars to examine specific issues critical to the media  sector and its capacity to contribute to African development. These projects  would take place in partnership with other pan-African &ldquo;media and society&rdquo;  initiatives, such as Highway Africa&rsquo;s Reporting Development Network Africa,  between the annual Forums with a narrower thematic and/or sub regional focus  than the Forum sessions, based in some cases on AMI partnerships in and outside  of the media industry. This would also serve to &ldquo;scope&rdquo; pathways for activity  to be undertaken by AMI in its second phase or by AMI partners, and to identify  agenda items for the AMLF.<br>\
												                    Topics could include (a) Media\'s  Use of Governance/Development Content: How can this be done more effectively  and creatively? Can the Mo Ibrahim Index be a partner in better disseminating  this data and information to media? What forms are most useful? How can we  create a better pipeline of development content? (b) Future Models of Public  Broadcasting: Are there a whole new generation of opportunities to be embraced  in Africa? (c) Fragile States and the Media: Such a priority for so many  donors, yet what are possible sustainable media strategies, if any? (d) Media  Habits of the Poor: What services and aspects of media can cater to and  understand rural, poor media consumption and info needs?</p>\
											                    <strong>Activity 15: </strong><br>\
											                    Create and Maintain a Public Data Bank of  Country Specific Media Information including the AU/EU Media Portal -specific  media regulations and market information for all of Africa, including but not  limited to: media audience and surveys and circulation figures; directories of  major print and broadcast outlets; overviews of media-related business laws and  regulatory regimes; reports from respected press freedom monitoring  organizations; citations from and/or links to selected major African media news  items; copies of and/or web links to media research reports from partners and  predecessors such as AMDI, SEARCH, IREX, GFMD-AFMD, IFJ, WAN, IPI, BBC-WST,  MISA, WAMF, Panos, Highway Africa, and others.</div>\
													            </td>\
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												</td>\
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                                    </td>\
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				';


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